
We've Been Using The Wrong Science In Court For 50 years
How accurate is modern forensics? Sponsored by Saily - Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code veritasium at checkout. Download the Saily app or go to https://saily.com/veritasium Last year, we launched the Elements of Truth game on Kickstarter and were thrilled by the response. We’re now in the final stages of production, with Kickstarter rewards shipping soon. If you missed the campaign, you can now pre-order the retail edition through our new website here - https://ve42.co/ForensicsDes If you backed us on Kickstarter, don’t worry, your game will ship before any pre-orders are fulfilled. If you’re looking for a molecular modelling kit, try Snatoms, a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically - https://ve42.co/SnatomsV For the latest science news, and for an exclusive bonus Q&A with the director of this video, sign up to the Veritasium newsletter - https://ve42.co/Newsletter For early access to work-in-progress videos, join our Patreon https://ve42.co/VePatreon Correction: At 2:47, we state 96% of cases were declared false, the FBI report found that examiners gave erroneous or exaggerated testimony under oath in 96% of those cases. ▀▀▀ 0:00 The First Forensics Investigation 1:51 How accurate is hair in forensics? 3:30 Why Bite Marks Should Never Be Used In Court 5:22 Blood Spatter Analysis 8:04 How unique are fingerprints? 16:33 Is DNA evidence reliable? 21:38 How can we improve forensics as a science? ▀▀▀ Special thanks to the experts and collaborators who made this video possible: For their fantastic insights and time in contributing to this video (in order of appearance) - Dr Mary Bush from the University at Buffalo, John Foster at the University of Greenwich, Dr Itiel Dror, and Professor Turi King. For key expertise and consultation on the animations as well as wider research, Professor Denise Syndercombe Court of King’s College London and Dr John Butler of the National Institute for Standards and Technology. For their expert contributions to the development and research of the video (in alphabetical order), Zack Kowalske (@TheScienceDetective), Dr Emmanuel Nsiah Amoako, Professor Nick Scurich, Derek Tremain, Dr Sophie Turfus, Theron Vines, Professor Graham Williams and Jerri Williams. For key inspiration in the making of this video, Forensics: The Anatomy of Crime by Val McDermid, Patented: History of Inventions Podcast by History Hit, Murder Is Her Hobby: Frances Glessner Lee and The Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death Exhibition at the Smithsonian American Art Museum, deathindiorama.com, and @forensicsprof videos on the Henry Classification System for fingerprint analysis. ▀▀▀ Reference List: https://ve42.co/ForensicsRefs ▀▀▀ Special thanks to our Patreon supporters: Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, André Powell, Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Bryan Ackermann, Chris Brewer, Data Don, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, EJ Alexandra, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Hayden Christensen, Hong Thai Le, Ibby Hadeed, Jeromy Johnson, Jesse Brandsoy, Juan Benet, Kelcey Steele, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Mark Heising, Martin Paull, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Moebiusol - Cristian, Orlando Bassotto, Parsee Health, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Robson, Sam Lutfi, Shalva Bukia, Sinan Taifour, Tj Steyn, Ubiquity Ventures, Vahe Andonians, wolfee ▀▀▀ Writers: Sarah Houlton and Gregor Čavlović Producer and Director: Sarah Houlton Presenter: Gregor Čavlović Editors: Trenton Oliver and Axel Oliver Assistant Editors: James Stuart and Peter Nelson Animators: Emma Wright, Domonkos Józsa, Alex Drakoulis, Andrew Neet and Fabio Albertelli Illustrator: Jakub Misiek Researchers: Sophia Rose and Gabe Strong Director of Photography: Richard Ing Camera Assistant: Jack Stevenson Additional Camera: Sarah Houlton Additional Writer: Sophia Rose Thumbnail Designers: Abdallah Rabah, Daniel Ellacott, Patryk Ziolkowski and Ben Powell Production Team: Jess Bishop-Laggett, Glen Griffiths, Matthew Cavanagh, Anna Milkovic and Justin St Laurent Executive Producers: Gregor Čavlović and Casper Mebius Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images and Storyblocks Music from Epidemic Sound
Veritasium · 3d · 23:22

We're 99.9% sure this pattern is true, but no one can prove it
Do twin primes go on forever? Sponsored by Brilliant - Head to https://brilliant.org/veritasium to try Brilliant’s tutor for free, plus receive 20% off an annual Premium subscription If you’re looking for a molecular modelling kit, try Snatoms, a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically - https://ve42.co/SnatomsV Sign up for the Veritasium newsletter for weekly science updates - https://ve42.co/Newsletter For early access to work in progress videos join our patreon https://ve42.co/VePatreon ▀▀▀ A huge thank you to Alex Kontorovich, Andrew Granville, James Maynard, Roger Heath-Brown, Dimitris Koukoulopoulos, Debmalya Basak & George Shakan for their invaluable expertise and contributions to this video! ▀▀▀ 0:00 What are twin primes? 3:08 How To Find Prime Numbers 6:11 The Sieve of Eratosthenes 11:26 The Closest We’ve Come To Proving Twin Primes 15:54 Searching For A Bounded Gap 18:47 How A Subway Worker Changed The Game 29:20 Finding An Upper Bound 32:04 Maynard and Polymath 36:42 Will we solve the twin prime conjecture? ▀▀▀ References can be found here: https://ve42.co/TwinPrimesRefs ▀▀▀ Special thanks to our Patreon supporters: Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, Anton Ragin, armedtoe, Balkrishna Heroor, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Charles Ian Norman Venn, Daniel Martins, Data Don, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, EJ Alexandra, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, Hayden Christensen, Hong Thai Le, Ibby Hadeed, Jeromy Johnson, Jesse Brandsoy, Jon Jamison, Juan Benet, Kelcey Steele, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Mark Heising, Martin Paull, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Moebiusol - Cristian, Orlando Bassotto, Parsee Health, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Robson, Sam Lutfi, Shalva Bukia, Sinan Taifour, Tj Steyn, Ubiquity Ventures, Vahe Andonians, wolfee ▀▀▀ Writers: Vibhor Pandey, Casper Mebius and Alex Kontorovich Producer & Director: Vibhor Pandey Presenters: Derek Muller & Casper Mebius Editors: George Reynolds & Trenton Oliver Camera Operators: Casper Mebius & Derek Muller Animators: Emma Wright, Andrew Neet, Alex Drakoulis, Domonkos Józsa & Fabio Albertelli Illustrators: Jakub Misiek Additional Editor: James Stuart Researchers: Darius Garewal, Gabe Strong, Sophia Rose Thumbnail Designers: Abdallah Rabah, Ben Powell, Daniel Ellacott & Patryk Ziolkowski Production Team: Jess Bishop-Laggett, Matthew Cavanagh, Anna Milkovich & Josh Pitt Executive Producers: Derek Muller, Casper Mebius & Emily Zhang Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images & Storyblocks Music from Epidemic Sound
Veritasium · 11d · 41:30